Special Needs
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Sandi Francis

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or FAS, is the name for a group of birth defects both physical and mental. They are the direct result of a woman's drinking alcohol during pregnancy. Although there is no cure, it is completely preventable.

Babies born with FAS weigh less and are shorter than other babies. They usually suffer from dysmorphic features which may include; microcephaly (an unusually small head), small palpebral fissures (eye slits), a flat nasal bridge, a smooth or indistinct philtrum (ridge above upper lip), a thinned upper lip, a flattening of the mid face or epicanthal folds (lowset or malformed ears).

As the child grows, many other delays or disorders become evident. These can include: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Pervasive Developmental Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Central Nervous System Dysfunction and behaviour maladjustments. It is important when working with FAS children to realize these disorders/disfunctions are not their fault, they are not being bad, this is directly related to alcohol exposure in utero that has caused damage to the brain. These behaviour problems can be severe.

These children often experience sensory processing deficits, so it is very important to be consistent.

Many times the child will display disorganized, aggressive or self abusive behaviour which stems from an under-aroused or over-aroused central nervous system. Work with the parents or guardian to find safe ways for the child to express their anger and frustration. Working with the parents ensures the consistency the child needs.

Some general guidelines when planning program to include FAS children are:

• establish the child’s strengths and weaknesses.

• environmental needs should include; soft room colour (avoid fluorescent lights) comfortable temperature, space to move around, and visual organization.

• structure and consistency empathy, yet a firm and consistent manner from group leaders.

• keep explanations and directions brief. Expect to repeat information, possibly several times.

• plan hands-on activities and have an adult prepared to help.

Discipline for FAS children needs to be co-ordinated with parents or guardians to ensure consistency:

• set limits and follow through every time

• reinforce positive actions and behaviours (these should not be taken for granted)

• review and repeat consequences of behaviours. Ask the child to repeat the consequence back to you

• do not debate or argue over rules already established

• avoid threats

• redirect behaviour

• avoid situations where child will be over stimulated.

Most important, although a clear plan for addressing behaviour is necessary, the focus should be on meeting the child’s needs.

And finally, each child with FAS is different, so be sure to assess their needs on an individual basis.

Alberta Adviser, Members with Special Needs

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